From Airflow on VMs to Kubernetes workers: training for teams

We offer private, instructor-led training for data platform engineers who operate Airflow with VM-based workers and need task execution on Kubernetes.

Your team knows DAGs and the current worker environment. Short-lived task Pods expose dependencies that persistent workers can hide, including installed libraries, credentials, local files, and retained logs.

LearnKube connects those requirements through a representative DAG and selected task. Proposed Airflow exercises explain executor choices and the Kubernetes behavior behind execution and recovery.

Hands-on learning and the skills engineers take back to work.

Preview: course-wide figures are not yet available.

  • Hands-on learning
    Of instruction time spent on labs and challenges.
  • Troubleshooting confidence
    Of respondents report greater confidence diagnosing Kubernetes problems.
  • Relevant to your work
    Of respondents say the course addressed their engineering responsibilities.
  • Skills put into practice
    Of respondents applied their new skills at work within 90 days.
  • Select an execution approach by comparing executor behavior with Pod-based operators, so the team understands which tasks and operating responsibilities will change.
  • Preserve task requirements by defining images, DAG delivery, credentials, and durable logs, so a new worker can execute without hidden VM state.
  • Diagnose failed tasks by relating Airflow state to Pod events, logs, and resource availability, so engineers can identify whether the failure belongs to workflow or infrastructure operation.
  • Assign worker-platform ownership by documenting Airflow, image, cluster, and storage responsibilities, so task recovery has a clear operating path.

Airflow remains responsible for DAG dependencies when workers move from VMs. KubernetesExecutor runs task instances in worker Pods, while KubernetesPodOperator launches Pods for selected tasks even with another executor. These choices differ in scope. Images, DAG delivery, credentials, and durable logs need explicit configuration when task environments no longer persist.

I separate where Airflow decides a task is eligible from where that task executes. A Pod that exits successfully is only one part of a workflow whose retries, outputs, and logs must remain understandable.

— Daniele Polencic, LearnKube founder and Kubernetes instructor

Current task or requirementNew concept or decisionPractice
Assign work to workersExecutor or Pod-based operatorTrace a selected task
Install task dependenciesImages and DAG deliveryDiagnose a missing package
Retain execution evidenceDurable logs and outputsRetrieve logs after cleanup
Supply task capacityPod resources and cluster capacityInspect a queued task

We propose a Kubernetes workshop customized around an existing DAG and one representative task. Your team compares execution options before deciding which worker behaviors need to change.

The exercises keep Airflow's orchestration responsibilities visible. They focus on task images, Kubernetes resources, and operational evidence, rather than assume that moving workers also replaces the scheduler or metadata database.

This proposed agenda connects Kubernetes fundamentals to Airflow task execution. Airflow-specific examples adapt the core course to your chosen executor and operator model.

Day 1

We compare persistent workers with container images and Pod lifecycle. You will review Kubernetes controllers and probes, then distinguish service deployment from the execution of an Airflow task.

  • Launch a selected task through Kubernetes and inspect its worker Pod.
  • Diagnose a task image that lacks a dependency available on the old worker.

Day 2

You will use Helm and compare Kustomize for supporting Kubernetes resources and configuration. We explain controllers, kubelets, and node failures alongside the task state that Airflow records.

  • Prepare repeatable worker configuration for the selected execution approach.
  • Interrupt a task Pod and compare the Kubernetes event with Airflow's recorded outcome.

Day 3

We trace DNS, Services, and access to data systems, with ingress for supporting interfaces. You will examine network policies, service mesh considerations, resource requests, and placement rules.

  • Diagnose a task that cannot reach its required data endpoint.
  • Inspect a queued task whose Pod cannot fit the available nodes.

Day 4

You will examine durable task logs and outputs, secrets, authentication, and RBAC. We distinguish task concurrency and node capacity from HPA-managed services to clarify which component controls execution demand.

  • Retrieve a task's logs after Pod removal through the configured durable destination.
  • Restore a task's permitted access after a credential or service-account configuration error.

Your DAGs, execution approach, and worker-support responsibilities can shape the agenda. Get in touch to tailor the workshop to your Airflow worker transition.

When a task fails on a new Pod despite working on its old VM, the instructor can compare images, files, and credentials. Your team can identify which dependency must become explicit rather than repair each worker by hand.

Asked what he liked most about the course, Leo pointed to its examples:

It was jam packed full of useful code snippets and examples

— Leo, Senior Software Developer at Matillion.

Tell us how Airflow executes tasks today, which Kubernetes execution approach you are considering, and who will own worker images and operations. We will recommend exercises for that transition.